Argentinas Dirty War Research Paper Example

Argentinas Dirty War Research Paper Example Argentinas Dirty War Paper Argentinas Dirty War Paper At the Eleventh Conference of Latin American Armies, in October of 1975, Argentinas president of the military powers, Jorge Rafael Videla, called attention to correspondents asking about the battle against disruption: In request to ensure the security of the express, all vital individuals will kick the bucket. At the point when another writer requested explanation on the importance of incendiary, he answered, Anyone who restricts the Argentine lifestyle. 1 A couple of months following this revelation, on March 24, 1976, the military held onto control of the country; toppling the established government, at that point lead by Isabel Peron. General Videla, Admiral Massera and Brigadier Agosti turned into the most up to date pioneers in a succession of military overthrows. Despite the fact that this trio would stand out forever as the bloodiest one of them each of the, a progression of four increasingly military juntas additionally followed. In 1981, General Viola, Army Chief of Staff, succeeded Videla upon the finish of his term. Albeit scarcely alleviating, Viola endeavored to revive discussions with the ideological groups which were as yet restricted. The considerably progressively die-hard General Galtieri supplanted him months after the fact. At last, in 1982, General Bignone was set up to deal with the way toward progressing the administration towards free decisions. This abhorrent period in Argentine history brought the word desaparecidos - the vanished ones-into regular speech. As an unnerving preview of what was to come, eminent Peronist pioneer, Bernardo Alberte, was visited in the early hours of the seizure by a government police unit. He was then tossed out of his 6th story high rise, while his family weakly saw the whole torment. With this, one of numerous thousand deeds of frightfulness, the new system grabbed hold of the country. 2 It is assessed that during this period an aggregate of 30,000 individuals were vanished. The political precariousness of Isabel Perons organization had, in addition to other things, set up the justification for the military upset. Over the top expansion, murders and significant divisions inside the political groups caused this mediation to seem unavoidable to basically everybody. A mindfully arranged battle by traditionalist gatherings of the media, with the help of Argentinean landowners, just as the weight of the global money related part, designed a picture of these rulers as fair men that would monitor the countrys premiums against the carnage that could happen if guerrilla associations picked up control. In any case, despite the fact that the legislature by the military planned to give a solid and brought together front openly, every last one of them got outstanding for their inside force battles, too. Following the overthrow, the Constitution was supplanted by, what is usually known, as El Proceso (Statute for the Process of National Reorganization). This resolution vested the military rulers with the ability to practice authoritative, official and legal powers in their organization. Mutually, they currently controlled worker's organizations, political gatherings and foundations of higher learning. Control was inescapable, habeas corpus was sabotaged and every single established assurance were suspended inconclusively. Thus, 90% of the courts judges were subbed by new ones. The system, in their self-depiction of watchmen of the Argentine estimations of custom, family and property, regarded any dissatisfaction with their standard as incendiary conduct. In this way, anybody and everybody dubious of such mentalities would be dispensed with, in light of a legitimate concern for ensuring the government assistance of the country. As expressed by Videla: The suppression is against a minority which we don't think about Argentine. 3 Capital punishment as a discipline for political violations was fused to the string of new laws and announcements that intensified the intensity of the military, yet in addition that of police authorities. During a time of eight years, four diverse military systems, grabbed hold of all parts of government, undertaking one of the most appalling efforts of tyranny perceived in the Western Hemisphere. It would just be following the disaster of the war for the Falkland Islands (known as the Malvinas Islands, to Argentineans) that vote based system would be, at long last, restored through the appointment of President Raul Alfonsin, in 1983. Setting of The Dirty War Following World War II, Argentina was situated eighth among the most prosperous nations in the globe. Buenos Aires was a refined city, known to the remainder of the world as the Paris of South America. As depicted by Marguerite Feitlowitz, its exceedingly European individuals were noted for being refined, modern and cosmopolitan. Up until the mid-seventies, Argentina had the most noteworthy proficiency rate in all Latin America. Also, as a result of the ripeness of its broad and fruitful soil, it is one of only a handful not many countries on the planet that will never require the importation of food. In any case, regardless of these accomplishments, this nation has been socially, monetarily, politically reckless, also. Lawmakers routinely expend their adversaries, yet additionally any anxious partners as well. A case of this was the fall of General Peron. General Juan Domingo Peron was a disputable pioneer that became president, without precedent for 1946. He was respected by the extraordinary left and outrageous right indistinguishable. Peron was a solid supporter of the descamisados (shirtless ones) and sorted out work. He was additionally a fanatic of Mussolini and Hitler, and a draw for dynamic Jews who likewise gave shelter to a great many Nazis. Peron turned into a solid foe of the theocracy by nationalizing administrations and enterprises and thus keeping the representatives in accordance with a blend of giveaways and the iron glove. 4 In 1955, the military toppled Perons government and the Peronist Party got banned. Juan Domingo Peron stayed in political outcast, in Spain, until1973, when he came back to be President for a second time in his profession. The Montoneros was one of the essential guerrilla associations to which the antisubversive crusade was initially coordinated. In spite of the fact that this specific gathering became out of the a lot bigger Peronist association development, by 1976 Peronist pioneers straightforwardly denounced the Montoneros, yet additionally employed paramilitary help with request to battle and murder guerrillas. Nonetheless, when the 1976 military system came to control, the progressive gatherings in Argentina had been everything except destroyed. Its is assessed that the aggregate sum of radical power individuals was constrained to just around 2,000, while just 20% of them were really equipped. Then again, the quantity of the military was near a fourth of a million people. Plainly, the alleged danger presented by left-wing revolt was simply a reason to take total charge and force the system s own fear crusade. These new pioneers set out to change through any methods accessible the political, monetary, social and social cosmetics of Argentina and to set up themselves as the preeminent and unchallenged rulers. 5 Political Culture: Recurring Phases of Gory Rule The history and political culture of this country has, for since quite a while ago, been corrupted by repeating patterns of bleeding rule. Analysts date this cutting edge military period back to the 1930s, when Jose Uriburus forceful upset detat occurred. This would turn into the principal military mediation since 1854. Starting here and until 1976 there were an aggregate of nine non military personnel upheld military seizures of the administration, two different presidents chose by the military, two conspicuously fixed races and furthermore two terms of semi fascistic Peronism. 6 all things considered, every one of these administrations kept going marginally past more than two years. Military control in Argentine governmental issues not just originates from the shortcoming and insufficiency of non military personnel establishments, yet additionally from the specific intensity of the military inside its way of life. An incongruity throughout the entire existence of this nation is that very few officials participated in Jose Uriburus overthrow; anyway from that scene on the political culture of Argentina turned out to be profoundly mobilized. Despite the fact that the military powers have shown again and again how lacking their legislative abilities are, chose organizations have ceaselessly looked for the insurance of their capacity. As summed up by French humanist Alain Rouquie in his Pouvoir militaire et societe politique en Republique Argentine, No president-non military personnel or military-has figured out how to remain in office against the desires of he men in uniform. In spite of the entirety of its social advancement, the establishment of the Argentinean culture is very medieval. Molded after the Praetorian Guard, its ordinary group of three is included the landowning government, the military and the Catholic Church. Argentina has reliably indicated anxiety about the disorganized idea of vote based system. Then again, the cool and graceless quality of the military furnished them with the discernment that administration was less defenseless against debasement. During the 1960s, high profiled papers, for example, La Opinionsupported another arrangement of overthrows. Since the military favored an economy dependent on global free enterprise, they were ventured to be more in a state of harmony with the interests of the upper and white collar classes than different groups which were after a statist monetary approach with an accentuation in sorted out work. During the 70s, a tremendous debasement of the peso and widespread joblessness rates, exacerbated guerrilla strife between ultra-right and ultra-forgot about state army broke. Brutal conduct was far reaching and everybody was in harm's way. In 1974, amidst such disturbance, Peron passes on and control is taken over by his better half, Isabel. As a response to the terrorizing of the left, the Peronist organization frames the Triple An (Argentine Anti-Communist Alliance. This demise crew was initially under the administration of the Federal Police and later on under the influence o

Han Dynasty and China Essay

1 paragragh China encountered the fall, nonattendance, and in the end the re-foundation of royal power while Confucianism won through all degrees of society from the time of 100-600 C. E. The historical backdrop of China has frequently been a background marked by times of political solidarity hindered by times of political division. During the traditional period from 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , the Chinese encountered the Han tradition which was an at first solid and proficient line, until it had a steady decrease and in the end fallen. This prompted an extensive stretch of disarray lastly reunification once more. During this season of unification, division, and reunification, numerous social and political changes happened while other social examples and thoughts endured. second China in 100 CE was under the Han rule which had started in 202 BCE. Under the Han line the rulers made an effective and very much administered domain. The Han extended China several miles toward the west, north, and south and had numerous developments, for example, the extension of the Great divider. The individuals followed the lessons and estimations of Confucianism. They were solid to such an extent that they have kept going during the time of Chinese history is still notable today. The Chinese human progress lived in a man centric culture and Confucius lessons made a manual for how a decent family should live. Man centric society was a coherence for Chinese human advancement during the traditional period. A large number of his convictions and qualities endure and withstood numerous progressions to come third Towards 200 CE things started to change and the Han line started to fall. It initially started with the bureaucratic framework, it was getting progressively degenerate with unfit authorities, and so forth , and the political structure of China began to self-destruct. Workers got less fortunate and illnesses began to spread making many kick the bucket. The wanderers continued attempting to attack and the precarious government didn’t do a lot to push them back. This at last prompted the Han’s end. fourth When the Han line fell in 220 CE, China was left in a condition of disturbance for around 300 years called the â€Å"Warring States Period. † At this time China’s social solidarity was jeopardized by the spread of Buddhism. Fortunately for China’s dash of coherence, the three century time of tumult finished with the ascent of the Song/Tang Dynasties, which would likewise restore Confucianism. This was likewise one of China’s congruities, the rising and falling of lines which stayed in China’s history for quite a long time. During the Warring States time frame, the Great Wall got isolated among realms and was inadequately safeguarded so wanderers attacked and overwhelmed the northern fields. Exchange and city life declined, innovation stopped, and savvy people squandered away. In 589 CE the Song Dynasty was made which started to restore the nation which had been in disturbance for such a long time. Organization was reestablished which a researcher upper class organization. When the Song time finished China was well en route to turning into a steady country once more. 5 During the old style period, the Chinese human progress experienced significant changes in their legislature. Regardless of the roaming attacks that happened, they stayed solid and joined together. This was most likely in light of the fact that China had a strong social and political framework that was dependent on Confucianism and rulers who bound together the Chinese culture. The reason for change in China’s government in the old style time can be because of the debilitated government in addition to the migrant attacks being the last blow in decimating the Han administration. Confucianism kept China together, socially. In spite of the numerous progressions that occurred between 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , China consistently leveled out socially and kept their social progression because of Confucius and how his lessons joined China.

How to Make Friends as an Adult

How to Make Friends as an Adult Relationships Print How to Make Friends as an Adult By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Updated on September 03, 2019 iStockphoto More in Relationships Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Violence and Abuse In This Article Table of Contents Expand Have the Right Mindset Where To Find Friends Maintaining Friendships View All Back To Top Remember how easy it was to make friends in elementary school? Most of the time your best friends ended up being the kids in your class or in your neighborhood. Or maybe you were best friends with kids whose parents were friends with yours. As a child, making friends wasnt as complicated as it feels today. Not only were you less worried about being rejected; you also werent as picky about who you were hanging out with. But things have changed now that you are a grown-up. Aside from the fear of rejection, making new friends takes a lot of timeâ€"something we all are a little short on these days. So instead, you lament the fact that your circle of friends is shrinking. And, you are not alone. Research shows that after the age of 25, most adult friendships start to dwindle. Some of this has to do with changing jobs, getting married, moving to another state, and even having children. But having solid friendships as an adult is important. For instance, one study found that regardless of your marital status, people who reported having 10 or more friends at age 45 had significantly higher levels of well-being at age 50 than those with fewer friends. Whats more, another study found that friendship quality often predicts health more so than the quality of any other relationship. In fact, people with larger social circles had a 50% lower mortality risk than those who didnt. As a result, if your social circles have started to dwindle, heres what you can do to start adding more friends to your inner circle. Have the Right Mindset When it comes to making friends as an adult, you have to have the right mindset. For instance, you cannot go into the process thinking that you are never going to make friends. Because your perception will become your reality. Instead, follow these tips and you will be well on your way to making some lasting friendships. Focus on Being Open In other words, dont overthink the process of making friends. Instead of worrying about being rejected, or dwelling on the fact that you might not be fun enough, channel your inner elementary school self. Likewise, dont assume that all your future friends have to be the same gender as you. Platonic male-female relationships are absolutely possible. Be open and inviting and see what happens. Make a List of Potential Friends Almost every person has one or two people in their life that they would like to get to know better. As a result, make a list of people you might like to hang out with sometime. Remember, making friends takes work and someone needs to take the initiative. After you have your list, consider extending an invitation for coffee and see what happens. Put It On the Calendar Lets face it, everyone is busy. And despite your best intentions, if you dont schedule it, you likely wont do anything about making more friends. As a result, decide when you are going to ask that friend from the office to join you for appetizers after work. Set aside time to call the woman from your book club that you really connect with. The key is to schedule these initial contacts because if you dont, you will just keep putting it off. Accept Invites Yes, you are tired, busy, and over-scheduled. But, if someone invites you to do something, try to make it happen! If you have social anxiety, do your best to remember that this person invited you to a get together because they like you and want to get to know you better. Of course, if you cannot afford something or you are sick, then definitely decline the invite. But, make an effort to do something else together instead. Accepting invitations, even if you dont know the person very well, is a great opportunity to open doors and expand your friendship opportunities. Try New Things When you are looking to make friends, its important to expand your horizons and try new things. You never know, you might just enjoy these new adventures. Plus, it will open up the possibility of making friends in new and interesting places. Take an art class or a dance class, you might not be the only one stepping out of their comfort zone and that in and of itself can be something to bond over. Know Where to Find Potential Friends Part of the challenge of making new friends is knowing where to look. Too many times, people assume that there are just no potential friends out there. But the problem is not the lack of opportunities for friendships, but the inability to put forth the effort to find them. Leverage Your Social Media Accounts The purpose of social media is to connect people. Whether they live far away or you havent seen them since high school, your social media accounts are ripe with opportunities to make friends. Of course, you are technically already friends, with them online, but if you see a friend post about something you are interested in, reach out and make a connection. You also can use social media to organize get-togethers. For instance, if you want to have a poker night at your house, post something on your social media account to see who might be interested. How to Create Truly Supportive Friendships for Stress Relief Reach out to Neighbors Some of the best friends people have are their neighbors. Yet, many people dont recognize the potential friend who lives right next door. They simply give the courtesy wave across the street and then close their door. But there may be some really great friendships waiting to be made just down the street from where you live. So, the next time you are both out, do more than just wave. Connect With Co-Workers You spend a large portion of your life with the people you work with. And despite the fact that you are in a professional setting, you likely know a great deal about one another. If this is the case for you, consider inviting one of your co-workers to do something non-work related. For instance, suggest you attend a baseball game together or grab dinner after work. Or, if you share a passion for something like yoga or cooking, suggest you do it together. Join a Gym It seems kind of cliche to suggest meeting people at the gym. But people do it all the time. The next time you are in Zumba class or youre walking on the treadmill, strike up a casual conversation with the person next to you. Then, chat and say hello each time you see each other at the gym. Who knows? You might have the beginnings of a great friendship in the making. Attend a Meet-Up or Networking Event Whether you work from home or go into an office every day, meet-ups and other networking events are a great way to meet new peopleâ€"and potential friends. Not only are these events filled with people looking to connect with other professionals, but they also are great places to meet people who share the same passions. You can learn about these types of get-togethers through apps like Meet Up and Eventbrite. Join a Book Club If you love to read, joining a local book club is a great way to meet potential new friends. Whats more, you will get to know each other on a much deeper level when you are discussing a book. Even if you dont meet your future best friend in your book club, at the very least you will have a group of people that you can mingle with every month. Participate in a Sports League If you like sports, consider joining an adult recreational league. Basketball, volleyball, tennis, golf, and softball are all great choices. Not only will you be doing something you enjoy and getting in some exercise, but sports teams usually go out for drinks or pizza afterward, which is a great way to get to know someone. Attend Church Whether you are active in a church or havent been to one in years, churches, mosques, and synagogues are a great way to meet people who share your faith. Plus, there are usually a lot of opportunities for involvement. Whether it is a Bible study, volunteer opportunities, or a weekly potluck, churches are a great place to meet new people and make friends. Volunteer at Your Kids School While volunteering is a great way to stay involved in your kids lives, it also is a wonderful opportunity to meet new people with kids around the age of yours. And, if you are both volunteering, chances are high that you value the same things. So, look for opportunities to volunteer at the school. For instance, you could chaperone a dance or work in the school store alongside some other parents. And, who knows? By the end of the night you might just exchange numbers so that you can get together for coffee. Maintain the Friendships You Make After you have established a few connections, its important to stay in contact. Friendships are like plants. If you dont water them regularly, they will die. Consequently, make sure you are regularly reaching out to your new friends. Call or text consistently just to see how they are doing. Ask about their life. Show an interest in the things that are important to them. A good friend doesnt make the friendship all about their needs; but also takes an active interest in the other person. The Top 4 Reasons Friends Are Important

Questions On Environmental Summer Assignment - 1522 Words

3) Environmental Summer Assignment Essays a) E-Waste In the 21st century, everyone feels the need to be up to speed with all of the new gadgets and technology. When new technology is released, people drop everything they’re doing to run out and buy it. But what happens to their fairly used devices that have been labeled â€Å"out of style†? They are thrown away and become electronic waste. Types of it, E-Waste as it is better known as, includes unwanted or broken circuit boards, computers, monitors, mp3 players, keyboards and DVD players. Approximately 82% of these end up in landfills or incinerators. Most people fail to realize that electronics are made from valuable materials that can be recycled, such as gold, silver, aluminum, copper, nickel, and sometimes-even platinum! Some E-Waste products are extremely hazardous to humans and to our environment. Polyvinylchloride, mercury and lead are all harmful substances found in electronics. Fortunately many states and countries have created laws and made it very well known t o their citizens on how to deal with E-waste. The hazardous side effects of E-Waste have the most impact on labor workers in other countries. Where health regulations are not enforced, most of the labor workers are frail children with no protection from the harmful chemicals that use their bare hands to take apart the electronics in order to salvage valuable and reusable electronic parts. In Guiyu, China where child labor is the norm, approximately 82% ofShow MoreRelatedHRM 560 WRITING ASSIGNMENT 2 Environmental Pressures v2a Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 2: Environmental Pressures Sandra T. Sims, Student Summer Quarter 2014 HRM 560 – Managing Organizational Change Instructor: Dr. Mary Hair Collins 1. Create a table where at least three (3) organizational pressures and at least three (3) environmental pressures in the organization are illustrated and rank those pressures according to their influence. Corporate organizational pressures describe change both negatively and positively for the company and its employees. These evaluationsRead MoreSMU MBA SEM 2 SUMMER 2015 ASSIGNMENTS1436 Words   |  6 PagesGET SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS AT Rs.150 per subject or Rs.700 per semester VISIT WWW.SMUSOLVEDASSIGNMENTS.COM Or Mail us at solvemyassignments@gmail.com SMU MBA SEM 2 SUMMER 2015 ASSIGNMENTS MB 0044 - PRODUCTION AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT 1. Explain the elements or components of operations strategy. 2 Answer the following questions: a. What is location decision sequence? b. 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Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 2. Summaries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....3 3. Macro environment factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4 4. Industry involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......5 5. Impact of the factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to demonstrate an understanding of the marketing macro environment. 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More importantly, during the summer semester 2016 in EPC 657A Seminar in Career Counseling I was assigned an assignment titled â€Å"Social learning narrative†. This assignment putRead MoreAn Environmental Study2299 Words   |  10 Pagesper day for six days per week. It is necessary for an environmental impact study to be undertaken before the county can issue a permit. The biggest issue is, of course, the air quality implications of cement production, but potential impacts on water quality are of concern as well. It is now October, and you want to start building the plant by the end of next summer, if at all possible. It is now time to issue an RFP to procure an environmental impact analysis. Studies of this type normally require

How to Use Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs in Italian

Romeo and Juliet meet, hug, kiss, and fall in love. They comfort each other, admire each other, and get married—but not without help from reciprocal reflexive verbs (i verbi riflessivi reciproci)! These verbs express a reciprocal action that involves more than one person. The plural reflexive pronouns ci, vi, and si are used when conjugating reciprocal reflexive verbs. Here are a few examples. Since we’re talking about a story like Romeo and Juliet, note that the verbs are conjugated in the past remote tense, which is the tense typically used to tell stories or recount the historical past. Si abbracciarono affettuosamente. - They embraced each other affectionately.Ci scambiammo alcune informazioni. - We exchanged some information.Vi scriveste frequentemente, dopo quellestate. - You frequently wrote to each other after that summer. How to Use Reciprocal Reflexive Verbs in the Past Tense If you want to use a reciprocal reflexive verb using the passato prossimo, there are a couple things you need to know about. First, you need to conjugate it with the auxiliary verb (also called a â€Å"helper verb†) â€Å"essere - to be.† Second, you need to know the past participle  of the verb you’re using, so if you wanted to use â€Å"baciarsi - to kiss each other,† the past participle would be â€Å"baciato.† Since we’re talking about two people here, the -o at the end of â€Å"baciato† will become an -i to show that it’s plural. The past participle depends on whether the verb ends in -are, -ere, or -ire. So if I wanted to say, â€Å"They kissed each other at the airport,† it would be, â€Å"Si sono baciati all’aeroporto.† Here are a couple other examples in various tenses: (Il presente) Non si piacciono, ma si rispettano. - They don’t like each other, but they respect each other.(Il passato prossimo) Si sono conosciuti alla festa di lavoro del mese scorso. - They met each other at the work party last month.(L’imperfetto) Ogni giorno si salutavano, ma lui non le   ha mai chiesto di uscire. - Every day, they greeted each other, but he never asked her out. Other reciprocal verbs are listed in the table below. COMMON ITALIAN RECIPROCAL VERBS abbracciarsi to embrace each other (one another) to help each other (one another) amarsi to love each other (one another) to admire each other (one another) baciarsi to kiss each other (one another) conoscersi to know each other (also: to meet) to comfort each other (one another) incontrarsi to meet (each other) innamorarsi to fall in love (with each other) insultarsi to insult each other (one another) to recognize each other (one another) to respect each other (one another) to see each other again (one another) to greet each other (one another) to write to each other (one another) sposarsi to get married (to each other) vedersi to see each other (one another) to visit each other (one another)

Reflectiv Wring on a Personality Development Theory Free Essays

A reflective essay on self, identity, personality, and factors influencing identity based on James Marcia’s theory on personality development. People come in different shapes and sizes. Some are big while others are small, some are fat and some are slim, some are short while some are tall. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflectiv Wring on a Personality Development Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now People have many similarities. Unless born with a physical defect we all have one head, two eyes, two ears, one nose, one mouth, two arms with five fingers each, and two legs with five toes each. So basically we are all physically alike. What makes us each uniquely different is our personality inside of us. A personality can be described as a person’s own distinctive character or the qualities that makes someone interesting or popular. Growing up I would wonder how one’s personality could be theorized. My quest was soon over as I learnt of the James Marcia’s theory on personality development. Based on Erik Erikson’s groundbreaking work on identity and psychosocial development in the 1960s, Canadian developmental psychologist James Marcia refined and extended Erikson’s model, primarily focusing on adolescent development. Addressing Erikson’s notion of identity crisis, Marcia posited that the adolescent stage consists neither of identity resolution nor identity confusion, but rather the degree to which one has explored and committed to an identity in a variety of life domains from vocation, religion, relational choices, gender roles, and so on. Marcia’s theory of identity achievement argues that two distinct parts form an adolescent’s identity: crisis (i. e. a time when one’s values and choices are being reevaluated) and commitment. He defined a crisis as a time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined. The end outcome of a crisis leads to a commitment made to a certain role or value. These are not stages, but rather processes that adolescents go through. All adolescents will occupy one or more of these states, at least temporarily. But, because these are not stages, people do not progress from one step to the next in a fixed sequence, nor must everyone go through each and every state. Each state is determined by two factors: * Is the adolescent committed to an identity, and * Is the individual searching for their true identity? These states include: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity Moratorium and identity achievement. I went to one of the best high school in the country. I did well in all subjects I did. I thought I had it all. Paid attention to no one around me, I just ignored it all. People would say someday I would fall but who would have thought they would someday be right. But who would have thought I would have ended up like this. Working on the streets with nowhere to go, nothing to eat, nothing to wear, no money, no one to turn to in my distress. What can I do? Where can I go? I’m lost in this world like a diffused particle basking in the air. Identity diffusion this is the state of having no clear idea of one’s identity and making no attempt to find that identity. These adolescents may have struggled to find their identity, but they never resolved it, and they seem to have stopped trying. There is no commitment and no searching. Growing up I was always considered by other to be a very brilliant child and I eventually developed the feeling that I was. My parents enrolled me in the finest school they could afford. In the sixth grade I did the Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) and attained a pass to attend one of the noblest institutions in the country. I had always had the dream of becoming a teacher but my parents and others thought differently. Everyone in my family were either nurses or doctors hence I felt like I had to follow in their pathway. In my family one would so to primary school then off to high school. During my first three (3) years of high school I was forced to focus on the sciences. Then during the final two years one would have to sit all three (3) sciences in the Caribbean Secondary Examination Certificate along with seven other subjects. I thought that if I didn’t do well I would disappoint my parents and other family members, hence I just went along fulfilling what I thought was my obligation. Identity Foreclosure this means that the adolescent blindly accepts the identity and values that were given in childhood by families and significant others. The adolescent’s identity is foreclosed until they determine for themselves their true identity. The adolescent in this state is committed to an identity but not as a result of their own searching or crisis. I have had many friends growing up. I have had many role models. I have tried doing many sports. Only to find who I am. Where I belong in this cold world? In school I tried acquiring many skills; I did many subjects and gained them all. During my years at college I did many courses changing my major over three (3) times; only to find who I really was and what I really wanted to become. I eventually graduated with a degree in medicine. But I still haven’t found what I was looking for. I am still searching for my purpose in this society. I am still searching for who I really am. Identity Moratorium this is the status in which the adolescent is currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but has not made a commitment to these choices yet. On the cool winter morning of January 21, 1995 an angel sent from God was born; Alexcia Anglin. At age two I started school, at an early age teachers soon realized I were a brilliant child. I started Chetwood Memorial Primary school; there I developed a passion for teaching. In the sixth grade I meet the one who turned out to be my role model; Mr. G. Atkinson. Seeing his passion for teaching I then develop a greater passion for teaching and I wanted to emulate him. I then moved on the Mt. Alvernia High School where I met many other teachers who aided in my development and strengthened my desire to become a teacher. Church was also an integral part of my life. Going to pathfinder’s club on Sunday mornings and associating myself with children regularly I soon realized I loved being around younger children and it was during that point of my life I told myself I wanted to become a primary school teacher. During my high school years I tried my ever best to do well in all the subjects I knew I would need to attain in order to become a teacher. I thought I had everything under control and I thought I was on top but for a while things went sour. I swayed a bit and it seemed as though my dream of becoming a teacher was crushed. My grades were not at its best but a deep voice inside me kept pushing me and told me to keep holding all, life will get better soon. Soon it was time to apply for college and I sent out my application to the Sam Sharpe Teacher’s college. That was not the end I had to sit eight CSEC subjects. Waiting for my results and a letter of acceptance from the college I was a bit nervous. Every thing eventually worked out I attain all ones and twos in my subjects and I got accepted to the college. Here I am today embracing my dream of becoming a primary school teacher. Identity Achievement this is the state of having developed well-defined personal values and self-concepts. Their identities may be expanded and further defined in adulthood, but the basics are there. They are committed to an ideology and have a strong sense of ego identity. The core idea of this theory is that one’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made regarding certain personal and social traits. A well-developed identity gives on a sense of one’s strengths, weaknesses, and individual uniqueness. A person with a less well-developed identity is not able to define his or her personal strengths and weaknesses, and does not have a well articulated sense of self. As teachers we need to be able to cope with the different personalities present in the classroom environment. Students come from different families, different communities and thus have different personalities and are taught different values. The onus is therefore on us as teachers to guide our students into developing socio acceptable values. Before we can do so, we must first know who we are, know what our values are and our personality. I am Alexcia Anglin a first year student of the Sam Sharpe Teacher’s College and as a result of the knowledge I gained in the Emerging Professional course on James Marcia’s theory on personality development, I have discovered my identity status, which is â€Å"IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT† , as I am fulfilling my dreams of becoming a teacher. References * http://www. learning-theories. com/identity-status-theory-marcia. html * http://socialscientist. us/nphs/psychIB/psychpdfs/Marcia. pdf How to cite Reflectiv Wring on a Personality Development Theory, Essay examples

Mentors Essay Example For Students

Mentors Essay Anyone who can change the way you feel about certain issues for the better is a mentor. I know in my heart what is right and what is wrong, but sometimes I get off track . When I do leave the pack, hopefully, a teacher, parent, or a close friend will help me back on track. A mentor will have the same perspective on life, in general, as you do. Generally, a mentor is some one you really enjoy listening and talking to. In 9th and 10th grade I was not exactly a good kid I did drugs, I stole, and many other ungodly things. I guess I was trying to fit in with the cool crowd. Although I was smart, my teachers could see me deteriorating day after day. Coming into school high, skipping class to smoke a cigarette, these are some of the things that the teachers noticed. My true friends, family, and the school tried to help. I do not know why I did not listen to them or why it took me so long to listen to them. In 11th grade I had a teacher that had this profound effect on my life and me. He was the U.S. history and C.W.I (contemporary world issues) teacher. This mans name is Francis Gymaih, an ordained minister from Guana, Africa. The easiest way to describe him is he is looks and acts exactly like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Just like Dr. King he would preach every thing he said. He would never stop pacing around the room while he teach the class. He often would raise his hands in the air and talk in a praise to God kind of voice. This made his class enjoyable to be in. He made it so the students wanted to listen and learn. In addition to his uplifting speeches he is also the assistant soccer coach for the high school. I played soccer so this gave me a chance to see him out of school. Mr. Gymaih is a young man, about 26 years old, so he can still relate to the students on a different level than most teachers. Towards the middle of my 10th grade year he would take me out on his own time to do things after school. We would play basketball or soccer and some times we would just sit in his classroom and talk. We would talk about every thing and the things he said just made sense. One thing he said to me that I still hold true with me today is If I give my virginity to a girl she better give some thing back in return and thats my last name in marriage. I am still a virgin today because of this. He would also talk about drugs and the point of them. The point is there is none. When you sit down and think about it there is no really good reason to take any illegal drugs. I quit doing all drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and every thing else I did, for a year and a half. I do drink now but I do not abuse it like I used to, but every thing else is still off limits. The man I call my mentor has forever changed my life. I went to visit him last Wednesday just to see how he was doing. He was trying to coach the team as I creeped behind him to give the man a hug; it was one of the biggest hugs I had ever given. I owe him a lot more hugs than that. If it were not for him who knows were I would be right now. He put me back on track. Bibliography: .

Binary Constructions and Their Effects on Beloved by Tony Morrison

Neutralization Definition in Chemistry

Neutralization Definition in Chemistry A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base which produces a more  neutral solution (closer to a  pH of 7). The final pH depends on the strength of the acid and base in the reaction. At the end of a neutralization reaction in water, no excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions remain. Neutralization Examples The classic example of a neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to yield a salt and water: acid base → salt water For example: HCl NaOH → NaCl H2O The right arrow indicates the reaction completes to form the product. While the classic example is valid, a more general expression based on Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory is: AH B → A BH For example: HSO4- OH- → SO42- H2O is also an example of a neutralization reaction. Strong vs Weak Acids and Bases While strong acids and strong bases completely dissociate, weak acids and bases only partially dissociate to form an equilibrium mixture. The neutralization remains incomplete. Thus, the right arrow is replaced by arrows pointing both toward products and reactants. An example of a neutralization with a weak acid and base would be: AH B â‡Å'  A- BH Source Steven S. Zumdahl (2009).  Chemical Principles  (6th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp.  319–324.

Childhood Prejudice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childhood Prejudice - Essay Example This will be elaborated and pointed out in the succeeding pages. According to Piaget, the stages of cognitive development, plays an important role in the learning ability of a child. Learning process involves the introduction of a stimulus for orientation and it teaches the child the manner of response in accordance with what is learned. Furthermore, cognition involves a schema that follows a chronological order that allows no interruption, otherwise will create an adverse effect. This involves the encoding of the perceived stimuli followed by the storing of the data encoding in the memory. Finally the retrieval of such memory when the need arise thus completing the entire process. This cycle follows a patter in processing information along with the other psychological and biological skills. The impact of this process is also determined by the social and environmental factors present, together with the constant reinforcement aid of education and authorities. Should there be a flaw, disruption or inadequacies to that process, learning becomes defi cient. Thus the child begins to form biases or preferences. According to Frances E. Aboud (1988), prejudice is not genetically inclined to happen, as it happens along with the development of the cognitive skills. In her book entitled Children and Prejudice, she asserted that at a very juvenile age, beginning 3 to 4 years, "children already notices racial distinctions, absorbs racially related images and assumptions, begin to learn and express racist ideologies (Aboud. 1988). Biases are formed due to the primary obvious aspect particularly noticed by the child at first glance, like the colour of the skin. The child absorbs everything that is perceived by the senses like sponges, and because they are incapable of discerning the right from wrong, therefore requires guidance from authority figures such as the parents. Thus the acquisition of preference among children is parallel with that of the parent's. The research further concluded that the meagre cognitive skills as well as the predisposition to ethnic preferences becomes gradually diminish as the child learns the distinction between virtues and mere peripheral. But this conjecture was opposed by Author Rupert Brown (1995), emphasizing that prejudice do not disappear with adulthood. In his book Prejudice: it's a social psychology, he said; "thirdly, and Aboud (1988) has noted, there had been some marked changes in measured prejudice level in adults over the past 40 years and yet recent studies of children's ethnic prejudice have shown that children below the age of 10 still continues to manifest various kinds of bias and discrimination" (p. 154). Nevertheless, he agreed to Aboud's finding about the three-stage model in which cognition is governed solely by perception and affective process occurring until the age of five. To strengthen her claim about the correlation of cognitive development to the development of prejudice in children, Aboud, together with Amato came up with a book in 2001 entitled Developmental and socialization influence of prejudice on inter-group bias, in which it claims the existence of prejudice even at the time when the child begins to form social organization. As earlier stated

Dementia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dementia - Research Paper Example Dementia is a condition that affects the nervous system of the individual. It is mainly labeled to be a disease of the old people but it may occur in the younger age groups as well. Dementia mainly presents with loss of memory and the condition deteriorates with time. The functioning of the cerebral hemisphere is affected in this condition and thus the day to day performance of the individual greatly suffers as a result of dementia. Dementia can result owing to many underlying pathologies which include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington’s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. There is no definitive cure for this disease but early diagnosis can make a difference. Dementia Dementia is a degenerative neurological disorder. Previously dementia was considered to be a normal part of aging but researches and studies have proved that it is a pathological condition that results from varying illnesses or disorders present in the body.As a number of disorders or factors can be responsible for causing dementia,it is better known as a syndrome rather than a disease.It can also present as a clinical sign or symptom of an underlying disorder.Dementia is sudden or spontaneous in onset and progresses with time and age.The risk of onset of dementia is most likely at the age of 60 and it is seldom seen before this age.The risk of onset increases with the advancement in age. Dementia seriously affects the emotional behavior and social attitude of the victims of this disorder and sometimes it can also be associated with life threatening consequences. It is a pathological condition of the brain which causes impairment of normal mental activity and deterioration of cerebral functions with difficulties in carrying out the routine chores due to regression of certain areas of brain that maintain and regulate the normal functions of life. The individual suffering from dementia faces memory loss and the magnitude of loss is directly related to the severity of the disease. The disease affects the patient's personality and alters the emotional and social behavior. (Cox, 2007; Jacques & Jackson, 2000) Dementia involves gradual deteriorating changes in the brain of an individual which results in the decline of cerebral functions with time. The patient undergoes these changes for quite a long time before presenting with some solid differences in his or her personality. The patient can present with complaints which include deterioration of memory, decreased rate of performance at any type of work, compromised skills, mismanagement of personal or business affairs, uncertain and unreliable attitude, the decline in social activities, varying moods and delirium. The dementia is divided into two types depending on the time of its onset. These two types are pre-senile and senile dementia. The two groups differ as the pre-senile dementia is seen in mostly young patients while senile is in much older individuals. Both the disease processes however, follow the same course of development with very little differences in the signs and symptoms shown by the patients suffering from pre-senile or senile dementia (Boon & Davidson, 2006; Jacques & Jackson, 2000). The causes of dementia vary according to the type. Dementia may either be resulting from vascular pathologies which include disease of the small blood vessels, numerous emboli in the vessels or inflammation of the vessels in the brain. Degenerative or the inherited type of dementia results due to pathologies which include Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Wilson's disease, cortical Lewy body disease and mitochondrial encephalopathies. Dementia may also be associated with cancerous conditions. The tumors may spread from distant sites and lead to dementia or there may be tumors originating with the brain itself for example the primary cerebral tumor. Sarcoidosis and Multiple Sclerosis lead to inflammation and thus they are classified as inflammatory causes of dementia. Trauma can a lso be an underlying cause of dementia and it may be due to

Fresh Direct PESTEL, SWOT and Porters Five

Fresh Direct PESTEL, SWOT and Porters Five INTRODUCTION Direct food is an online order taker for the delivery of fresh goods to their customers. They promise to provide delivery to their customers at very next day. They are operating in more than 48 states in U.S.A. in New York, they came with the saying the new way to shop for food. as they are providing online business, they do not have to pay for the rent for the land. the quality is obtained by SAP software. They are highly dealing on cleanliness, healthy and safety. they are meeting the highly customer quality demands. The key for the success of Fresh Direct is the system efficiency. each department of the food, bring ingredients e.g. milk, beef, chicken from the shorter distance. they also sold restaurant worthy foods. its processing facility at Manhattan customer is its cost effective operational design. the delivery goes via refrigerated truck. The minimum order should be of $50. it has $60 Million start up cost. they are hoping to turn on the daily profit. Fairway is the partner of the Fresh Direct. it is working on the basis of low price. then they have collaborated with Donaldson Lukfin Jenrette. They are focusing on mergers and acquisitions. there is a constant change in management. they are changing after small periods. They are hoping to capture 5% of the grocery market of New York. the company is working on the basis of low cost marketing strategy. they are working on the strategy of eliminating middlemen. they believe that customers would accept a limited package brand. Fresh Direct foods website provides a number of fresh foods as well as abundance of information. people in the city preferred to shop from here, as they do not have to carry the grocery with them. they ccan have all the items at their homes just after one click. INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS PESTLE FRAMEWORK 1- Political Factors Fresh Directs performance is heavily influenced by political and legislative conditions in those countries, including the European Union (EU). For labor law, the government encourages retailers to offer a combination of employment opportunities for flexible jobs, lower wages and local basis a highly skilled, better paid and central. Fresh Direct believes that retail trade has a large impact on employment and the factors of people, being an inherently local industry and labor intensive. 2- Economical Factors The international business continues to grow, the company remains highly dependent on the U.S.A market. Therefore, Fresh Direct would be seriously affected by a slowdown in the market for U.S.A 3- Social Factors Current trends indicate that U.S customers have moved to the single and bulk purchases, which is due to social changes. Demographic changes such as aging factor, the increase of women employees and a decrease in preparing meals at home means that U.S.A retailers focuses on value-added products services. Consumers are increasingly aware of health problems, and attitudes toward food are constantly changing. 4- Technological Feature The influenced that plays a major role towards development of many products from Fresh Direct. New technologies benefit both customers and company increases customer satisfaction as the assets are available, services can be more personalized and more convenient. The commercial launch of the Efficient Consumer Response, the initiative provided that change as this company is dealing with online services, it is necessary for the company to focus on latest technology. 5- Environmental Factors main theme of society threatens food retailers has been the to act socially responsible. the government for sustainable to reduce waste, reduce resource consumption and minimize 6- Legislative Factors Code of Practice should set out the prohibition of many current practices, such as requiring payments to suppliers and prices agreed retroactively change without notice. PORTERs FIVE FORCES MODEL 1- Threat of New Entrants it has a strong barrier to new firms to enter the grocery market. For example, it becomes quite, since the. Differentiation achieved by Fresh Direct and Ads in their aggressive tactics seen in operation in product development, promotional activities and a better distribution. 2- Bargaining Power of Suppliers This strength represents the authority of the contractor that can be prejudiced by the major superstore manacles and the dread of bringing up the rear business to large supermarkets. Providers are vulnerable by the upward capability of huge merchant to starting place their foodstuffs from out of the country at subordinate prices. The affiliation with vendors may have similar effects on limiting strategic freedom to influence the company and their margins. The forces of bloodthirsty contention have condensed earnings margins for superstore cuffs and suppliers. 3- Bargaining Power of Customers Porters theory that the products that become standard or undifferentiated, the lower the cost of change, and therefore, more power to the buyers pays Porter, M. (1980). On low prices, better choices, the constant stream of promotions in stores allows brands like Fresh Direct to manage and retain their customer base. 4- Threat of Substitutes General replacement can decrease the command for meticulous manufactured goods, as there is a danger of clientele toggle to substitute. In the food industry this can be seen as a product-by-product or the replacement of the require and was additional destabilized by new-fangled tendency such as how diminutive convenience store chains are up-and-coming in the manufacturing. In this case, Fresh Direct, Ads and Sainsburys are annoying to get your hands on obtainable small-scale procedure and the opening of local towns and city centers. 5- Bargaining Power of Competitors The food environment has knowledgeable momentous enlargement in the dimension and market ascendancy of the principal players, with better stores, increasing retail concentration and the use of a wide range of formats, now are the salient features of the sector. As declare higher than, the obtain power of the provisions engineering to put on the market is concentrated in the hands of a comparatively diminutive number of put up for sale bargain hunter. This highly competitive market has encouraged a rapid level of development, leading to a situation in which the U.S.A retail grocery had to be innovative to maintain and increase its market share. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS It is essential to take into account the internal operational efficiency Fresh Direct in how to identify critical success factors of the company in the sector of food retailing. 1 Brand and Reputation Fresh Direct is a trademark and also serves as the central strategic advantage. manufactured goods expansion and overhaul development of the companionship have been re-engineered in order to smooth the progress of improved running of product living sequence and supplementary competent accomplishment of the full assortment of products to customers. Fresh Direct innovative ways to get better the purchaser shopping knowledge, as well as its labors to broaden your horizons the economics and indemnity have also capitalized on the physically powerful brand reputation. 2 IT Integration Fresh Directs operations have become necessities, not luxuries. Inventory control systems, keep all records of stocks and deliveries and analyze commerce communication are the salvation of the companionship. TI has grown beyond its traditional role in supporting and have acquired a central role in formulating business strategy. Extranet system used by the company, allowing Fresh Direct to use the Internet to create information flows proprietary and custom between the company and its business partners. 3 Supplier Management Fresh Direct, like many other supermarket companies, the sources of their products from foreign manufacturers are more competitive in price and volumes. As a most important merchant advertising miscellaneous manufactured goods range. As a result, it is the strategy of the company and the main focal point of the company have unique relationships with suppliers. INTERNAL ANALYSIS COMPETITORS OF FRESH DIRECT YourGrocer.com your Grocer is a first competitor of Fresh Direct. it was developed on the strategy of bulk-buying. it offers a limit advantage that you can only purchase in the form of bulk. delivery is done in different time slots according to the location of the customers. PeaPod peapod is a strong competitor of Fresh Direct.in many metropolian areas, Peapod provides online delivery and shopping services. it was founded in 1989 by two brothers Andrew and Thomas Parkinson. it has grown to be one of leading Americas Internet grocers. Peapod somewhat owns subsidiary of international food provider Royal Ahold, and also works in collaboration with Ahold USA supermarket companies which includes Stop Shop and Giant Food. in 2007, it started to provide online shopping to its customers. it had a central distribution model in every market. NetGrocer it was founded in 1996, and it says it is the first super market which provides non perishable goods to its customers. it is very difficult to find non perishable goods in the market. it serves in 48 states of the U.S.A markets. its customers are busy families and urban dwellers. it works 24 hours a day. and directly provide goods at their homes. Other Challenges the most new threat is that Amazon.com has also entered in the field of dry goods delivery. it has threatened all other online super retails. however, it would also be difficult for the Amazon to compete in this giant market. as they might have problem of grocery delivery failure. CORE COMPETENCIES The companys main objective is to recognize that competition between companies is as much a race for the competition as it is for the marketplace situation and souk authority. Consequently, the purpose for the organization of Fresh Direct is to focus on competencies that really affect competitive advantage. Competition leads to levels of performance of an activity or process that is much better than their competitors. Benchmarking can help to understand the presentation principles and what comprise high-quality or appalling presentation. On the other hand, Fresh Direct will be crucial to look at the type level. Through a long period of operations, Fresh Directs core competencies have to be fixed. Fresh Direct has to adapt to the rapidly changing new circumstances and opportunities, so that their basic skills determination encompass to adapt and change. The example was when the company launched its loyalty card and went to the bench. SWOT ANALYSIS 1 Strengths It is working in 48 states of U.S.A. This has led to its brand and financial strength to become strengths in themselves. This has led to many more shops under construction in the country and abroad, leading to geographical force. The introduction of Fresh Direct Express and Fresh Direct metro led to show strength in flexibility. they have a heavy brand reputation. 2- Weaknesses SWOT analysis of Fresh Direct is bound to reveal some shortcomings. One example of many, is the amount of fossil fuel used in its transportation network. With rising oil prices, Fresh Direct has to keep a close watch on transport costs. Another weakness comes from the dependence on market Fresh Direct supermarkets in the U.S.A. Therefore, it is increasing its foreign media and the sale of other assets. it has not a consistent C.E.O. which may be danger for the company success. 3- Opportunities Major new opportunities for Fresh Direct, like all businesses, is in the online arena, and a SWOT analysis of Fresh Direct should focus on this field. Fresh Direct has already had much success online, having become the Amazon threat into an opportunity by selling books at less prices. Fresh Direct, the biggest problem in search of opportunity is possible to decide exactly which ones to followthey can also operate in other countries, as well as Asian ountries. another opportunity may be diversity of the product. 4- Threats Possible threats to Fresh Direct include fluctuations in the stock market and tax increases. Most companies are concerned about taxes, and have a goal of reducing the tax burden. But probably the biggest threat is the innovation of supermarkets, including YourGrocer, NetGrocer and Peapod etc. there may be an increase in the number of customers. GENERIC STRATEGIES Generic strategies are characterized by the response of an individual retail industry structure. For a retail giant such as Fresh Direct, to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage must go after moreover one of three general strategies, urbanized by Porter. This strategy is based on Fresh Directs costs so well that they can have a significant competitive advantage. If Fresh Direct uses another strategy of differentiation, products with unique features that customers value. Fresh Direct will be able to build brand loyalty of their offers, and therefore, lack of elasticity of prices by buyers. The last strategy approach may be a cost leadership or differentiation strategy address a narrow market, centered. To perform a cost leadership strategy focuses Fresh Direct to create internal efficiencies that will help them to resist external pressures. Therefore, it seems reasonable to think that Fresh Direct have frequent interactions with governmental and regulatory and environmental supplier. According to this framework, Fresh Direct can also choose to limit their products to the market in general, therefore remain a focus strategy or niche. Fresh Direct is following a move toward of cost management or demarcation, whats more in a specific marketplace or specific products. The danger of some against the association is annoying to do each and every one three and become what is known as caught in the middle. In the case of Fresh Direct is not suitable, since it has a clear commerce approach with a clearly defined market segment. Product Development: Diversification Changes in the business environment can create a demand for new products and services to the detriment of the benefit. An scoff matrix also suggests that if you expand new foodstuffs for existing markets, then a manufactured goods expansion approach has to be well thought-out by the stage of management a production. In mounting and diversifying the product mix of Fresh Direct, is also crucial to the internal development when developing new products. The nature and quantity of diversification should also be well thought-out in family member to the explanation of company approach and portfolio diversity. Following the changing needs of Fresh Direct customers can bring in new-fangled manufactured goods appearance. This may necessitate supplementary concentration to R D, consequential in supplementary expenditure. The put on the market manufacturing is understanding overcapacity and ground-breaking products and services is the greatest competitive advantage. Therefore, innovation has to be the main driver of product development for Fresh Direct. For example, Fresh Direct can build up a collection of dissimilar store arrangement in the U.S.A, each intended to make available a dissimilar shopping knowledge. While most of Eastern Europe and outlets in the Far East are hypermarkets, Fresh Direct can also develop different types of stores in these markets. This value added by the uniqueness Fresh Direct eventually lead to a price premium. The organization of technical modernism is all the time more involved in tactical conclusion manufacture. Fresh Direct has to take advantage of its strengths and diminish its inside weak spot in order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage. MARKET OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTATION Frameworks and tools for structuring the strategy are key to evaluating the commerce circumstances. The risk and worth trade-offs are completed unambiguous, resulting in tangible proposals to add value and reduce risk. Explicit action plans, including the need to plan to be developed by Fresh Direct as the strategic alternative. Generic strategies discussed above, Fresh Direct is likely to employ two strategic options are also likely to be primary targets of the market to focus on market development through partnerships and diversification through the development of new products. Marketplace approach development, combined expansion and strategic alliances When toward the inside new marketplace such as China and Japan can hand out as a key driver of revenue growth and company expansion strategy. Fresh Direct interests in Japan is likely to grow in time, as markets in Asia are showing increased consumer spending and a greater tendency to retail. This new-fangled market are also demographically far above the ground occasion markets. In the case of Fresh Direct, one of the strategic options suggested in international partnerships with local retailers in the Asian markets. Be well thought-out as a method of expansion and can be taught to take advantage of existing possessions and competition. By entering into joint ventures or alliances, in order to achieve greater economies of scale and market presence, Fresh Direct will be based on local knowledge and extensive experience of running the family, while adding together its own succession supply, item for consumption progress and operation skills to make available better accumulate shopping understanding to clients. On the other hand, prearranged the mammoth impending weighing machine and complication of these markets, may experience that Fresh Direct is the most important delivery service is not necessarily an advantage. The success of the partnership fall under three most important accomplishment criteria: sustainability, satisfactoriness and probability. Sustaina bility refers to whether a approach speak to the circumstances underneath which the companionship is in commission. This is the judgment of this expansion approach of market development. Suitability is connected to the expected benefits of the strategy, the level of risk and the possible reaction of stakeholders. Roads will be well thought-out if Fresh Direct has the possessions and cleverness to execute the approach. BEST STRATEGY The success of Fresh Direct shows how service delivery and effective brand can come to go beyond the splash of a emblem on a announcement. It had promoted commanding individuality by making their perception into a disease retiling and the spending on civilization outs from side to side various channels: educational support, supporting argument, and the customer experience and product additional room. In a altering commerce surroundings, with the weight of high-end participant Fresh Direct have to assume new-fangled approach for development or diversification of to be had ones in order to continue its principal market position in a marketplace of retail by now in place. The companionship must regularly adapt to speedily changing circumstances. strategy formulation, therefore, be regarded as a continuous learning process, which includes learning about the objectives, the consequence of promising proceedings towards these goals and how to put into practice and put into effect these actions. The excellence of a put together strategy and momentum of its implementation thus directly dependent on the quality of cognitive and behavioral learning processes Fresh Direct. In large organizations like Fresh Direct strategy must be analyzed and applied at various levels within the hierarchy. These dissimilar levels of approach should be connected and reciprocally compassionate. Fresh Directs approach at the corporate level defines the business in which Fresh Direct will struggle, in a way that focus possessions to exchange the antagonism at a dissimilar bloodthirsty benefit.

Energy crises of Pakistan

The unabated spate of load shedding throughout Pakistan has made life difficult to live in this sizzling summer. The unending energy crisis with power outages for more than 15 hours on daily basis has also dealt a severe blow to the national economy. Resultantly, business units and factories are getting shut down and layoffs of the workers are reported to be running in hundreds of thousands with grave implications for already burgeoning unemployment and poverty. According to a careful estimate, the difference between demand and supply is above five thousand megawatts, which is likely to increase as the weather gets even hotter in the months of June and July. The monster of load shedding first raised its head in 2007 and the national power scene has been becoming uglier with every passing year. There have been minor fluctuations and readjustments between demand and supply due to weather and water factors but the crisis on the whole has remained consistent in its lethality and ugliness. The criticality of situation warranted urgent policy response at the highest level but the same was not forthcoming, thanks to red-tapism and perennial malaise afflicting our decision-making processes. The questions arise in the background of severity of the crisis: has Pakistan in reality been deprived of treasure of energy? Do we have no alternative system to produce electricity in the country? Can we establish energy market, the biggest in the region through collaboration with neighbouring India and other countries? These are the questions whose answers should be in the affirmative, which should not be less than a glad tiding for the people hit hard by crises of different nature. Resort to empty promises, a favourite pastime of the government, would not help. It is about time that the government made practical strategies to resolve the energy crisis on the war footing basis without any further delay. Geographically Pakistan is located in a region where neighbouring country, India, is emerging as an economic giant. Despite massive use of energy to meet the growing demands of economic development, there is no load shedding in India. Among other countries of the region, Bangladesh is the only country whose local reservoirs of power are more than that of Pakistan. Economically speaking, India is ahead of Pakistan and Bangladesh but in terms of being self-sufficient in power, even Bangladesh is far ahead of Pakistan. Islamabad stands at number three in the field of power generation. Despite this power generation potential, the country suffers from the worst bouts of power crisis courtesy internal and external factors. If Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and other countries of the region launch power generation initiatives jointly, they cannot only strengthen their diplomatic and economic ties but also earn precious foreign exchange by exporting the surplus electricity. These countries are home to vast natural sources of energy. All countries of South Asia can launch a joint project of power grid. Nepal and Bhutan are two countries blessed with maximum of natural gas, which is used more than electricity. On the other hand, there are issues in regard to planning of natural resources and installation of power lines to ensure flow of electricity in these countries of the region. Despite this, when we look at the natural resources in these countries, it becomes certain that only these countries forming the energy bloc would stand to benefit in the future energy scenario. However, they would have to take steps to attract the attention of international investors. If these countries succeed to formulate a joint strategy, it would not only help them overcome their energy crunch, but also establish a trade bloc in South Asia. A brief detail of some of the models is given here below to become self-sufficient in the power sector: According to an analysis undertaken in the countries of South Asia, it has become known that if they formulate long-term policy of natural resources, they can save electricity from 6% to 13%. South African countries had undertaken this experiment first of all by which the countries of the region were able to save up to 100 billion dollars. If the South Asian countries take a leaf from the book of their African counterparts, there is no reason why they do not become self-sufficient in energy resources. Implementation of this model would also promote the intra-regional trade besides offering solution to the power crisis. Pakistan should be a strong proponent of this model given its huge energy deficit and demand. A long-term policy will need to be worked out spanning over 10 to 12 years. The broad contours of policy would include power agreements, long-term policy, and cooperation in the field of engineering, etc. The government of Pakistan has already formulated a ten-year plan but it is not in sync with the ground realities. There is a difference between resources and planning. By acting upon this model named s South Asian Power Pool, Pakistan, India and other regional countries can become success stories in the conservation and self-sufficiency of natural resources. The major benefits accruing from this model are the way out of present power crisis and enhancement of regional trade through striking of preferential trade agreements. Import of hydropower from India, Bhutan and Nepal can provide us with a big push to go ahead with this plan. Last but not the least, the South Asian countries can ink a regional agreement known as South Asian Regional Energy Trade (SARET) based on revolutionary steps to enhance energy trade in the region. However, in order to ease out the situation, urgent measures need to be taken. This includes the equal distribution of load shedding throughout Pakistan without any exception. The issues of non-payment to IPPs and circular debt need to be sorted out as a matter of priority to generate electricity according to full installed capacity. The matter of import of electricity from Iran should be dealt with on priority basis besides working out workable strategy to cut down line losses, which are the major source of wastage of electricity in the country. To conclude, it can be said that energy crunch is both regional and global issue and regional efforts need to be made to overcome this deficit. Time is long past when issues of urgent nature were kept pending due to political expediency. Pakistan, a country hit hard by power crisis, needs to reach out to Iran, Turkey and other central Asian countries for import of electricity on urgent basis to ease things out. Time to act is now.

Technology and HRM- A Better way of Managing your HR

Introductionâ€Å"Human† is the most essential and integral part of a society. The society comprises of all sorts of aspects related to life. These different aspects may include business, social work, entertainment, cultural traditions, family life and many more. These aspects are linked together in a connected system and they revolve around the main subject of all these aspects i.e. human.Business is the most important aspect of the system as the economy of the system is dependant on it. For businesses, human is the biggest asset of all and therefore it needs to be managed. Businesses at either private or public level have requirement of managing there human resources which comes under the vast field of Human Resource Management (HRM).The concept of HRM goes long way back in the 19th century. It has undergone various transitional phases since then and has improved. The birth of innovative technological methods and tools has given a spark to HRM by facilitating it and taking i t to an entirely different and better level then it was 100 years back.The implementation of the technology has improved the standards of businesses and its different sectors. It has enabled managers for better supervision of the employees, has raised performance and has inculcated elements of scrutiny, supervision, administration and better management all over.Hence, technology has become part and parcel of HRM. The maximum utilization and application of technology in HRM have yielded better results. As there is further advancement every now and then in technology, it can be assured that the future holds positive scope for HRM.This paper would highlight how HRM and technology are interlinked with each other. Apart from that it would show how technology has proved effective in various sectors specifically public sector and what upcoming there are in future.HRM As established before, humans are the greatest asset of an organization. These individuals contribute towards the accomplish ment of organizational goals and therefore they need to be planned, controlled, hired, fired, performance monitored and many other functions. All of these functions are performed for the achievement of organizational goals.The various functions that need to be covered under HRM include:Identification of staffing needs and methods i.e. whether to go for subcontracting or hiring of employees. This would give a layout as to what type and number of employees are required†¢ Recruitment, selection and training of the employees who undergo the screening process to be part of organization. The pool of skill is attracted, selected and polished to gain better performance.†¢ Compensation and benefits to employees in exchange of their services to organization†¢ Performance management which should highlight performance standards, ensure that these standards are met and if not then resolution of performance issues†¢ Ensuring that employees activities conform with organizationa l regulations and policies†¢ Maintaining employee records and policiesThese are the main activities that come under HRM department. In a nutshell, HRM department has to conduct job analysis which would further include Human Resource Planning as to what type and how many employees are required, then on this basis recruitment and selection would be conducted to get the best employees, these employees would be polished by training and would be compensated by salary and benefits, maintaining performance standards, ensuring that employees meet the various organizational regulations and health safety standards.Role of Technology in HRMThe summarized explanation of HRM and its purposes and functions reveal that there is lot of activities that needs to be performed by this department. The effective and efficient HRM has reached to complex stages. Question now arises is that how does technology helps in accomplishments of these purposes and performance of these functions?Technology has not only brought revolution but technology itself has revolutionized and improved then what it used to be at its initiation. Technology has proved an effective blessing in the managerial setup as it has come up with tools that have changed the working of employees, the roles undertaken by them and how they get their work done. Similarly, HRM is facilitated as the HR manager has found tons of utilization of technology for performance of HRM functions.Technology and HRM together combine to form processes and systems that are termed as HR Technology or Human Resource Management System. The combination deals as to merge HR activities and functions with technology tools in form of different data processing and software.The main software in this case is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software which is standardized software. Through this software a database is established with integration of various kinds of information. This database has Human Resource Module which has given an edge t o HRM.HRM requires keeping of records of employees. This has been enabled by HRM system as it has provided with different databases and system through which all past record, activity of employee, his skills, performances and all other relevant information can be stored and accessed to easily.Technology has enabled high automation of the processes and data. This has been achieved by use of mainframe computers and client servers. All this technology is capital sensitive and requires high amount of investment but as the technology improved and there came client servers and Application Service Provider which have given businesses an ease.There are various applications of HRM systems in relevance to HRM functions. There is a payroll module which as an automated payroll system. It supervises the employee’s monthly record, his attendance, taxes, deductions and all other payroll activities. All this is automated and after all the rapid calculations the final amount of pay is deduced. Apart from that there is work time system which facilitates to establish standard work time, gather work time information of every employee and his efforts. There is also benefits administration module which checks the degree of employee performance has contribution and accordingly decides on compensation, insurances, allowances and other benefits.There is an HRM module which covers various activities and aspect of the human resource management cycle from its initial level of applying of an employee to his retirement. This module keeps records of applicants, capabilities and skills, then the selection, training and compensation management.Apart from that most famous application of technology for HRM is the online recruitment system. Through this organizations advertise their vacancies and requirements to attract potential candidates to apply. There is also a Learning Management Software which comes under the training module which is used to cater to the training of employees to see how they improve and develop more towards organizational goals (HR Management, 2010).The above are some of the main applications of technology in the field of HRM. There are many other applications as well which have helped organizations to standardize and improve their HRM departments. Businesses from all the different sectors have utilized the technological aids for their assistance and have yielded more effective and efficient results. Technology and HRM are therefore part and parcel and it is necessary for any organization to adopt innovative technological measures and methods to reap good fruit for its HRM as HRM is the main heart core function of the entire organization.HR Technology in different sectors HRM and Technology, or HR Technology is utilized in different sectors across the globe. Though it has different scope and dimensions which vary from country to country but nevertheless we see HR technology being used in one way or another in different components of these secto rs.The main two sectors classified are known as private and public sectors. In simple terms private sector includes business operated by an individual without the state interference and control for profit. In contrast public sector is controlled by the government state and includes services for the citizens. In both sectors we see that HR technology has its dynamics and applications. A special emphasis would be laid on public sector.Private Sector In private sectors there come many educational institutes, health centers, services industry, businesses and many others that are run for profit as well as the well being of the citizens. We see that in all these components of private sectors there is a need to supply of human resources and also important is that these human resources should be managed in form of proper training and other managerial activities. In all of these components, HR technology is witnessed.The first requirement for them is human resource. For this they advertise f or recruitment of the potential candidates through online recruitment methods. After this the CVs and resumes of the applicants are gathered online and scrutinized. HR technology helps feeding in the criteria for hiring online and then these CVs are arranged according to this criterion in chronological order. This facilitates selection stage. The mails are generated through this system automatically to the selected candidates. Then these candidates undergo training modules through different learning software which they apply. The record of their compensation and benefits is maintained in form of payroll modules. An entire HRM module is also there which covers all the activities from step 1 to last step.Public Sector As discussed earlier, public sector involves government i.e. it is services provided by the government. Public sector has varying components from nation to nation. Commonly, every state includes military, police, education, healthcare, society services, public education and public roads and transits.In all these components of the public sector there is a need of proper human resources to run these areas and these human resources need to be managed. HRM is seen in the form of government plans for proper execution and setup of HR plans. The most important of these components undoubtedly is health sector which requires highest expenditure on human resources.The human resource in health sector is in the form of administrative and managerial staff, doctors, specialists and lower medical staff. There is software available for health sector. This software performs various HR activities. The software provide various HR solutions in the form of user defined answers to the medical problems as well as it provides integration of the entire HRM system in form of HR solutions, Staff Scheduling, Payroll and covers the entire stages from hire to retire.There are many different examples that can be quoted here such as SAP Environment, Health and Safety Management. This ensures that the Environment, Health and Safety standards are followed properly by the HR and that they comply with it. There are other examples such as Quadrant HR which is also a tool with integrated HR solutions for health care.The use of this HR technology has improved the health sector and has eased the managerial problems. Through this, the chances of errors in staffing and payroll have decreased and also it has reduced operational expenditure for governments.There are other examples as well which show how HR technology has helped the Public Sector. There are public sector organizations on various levels such as provincial, national or international levels that require HRM systems. They require some regulatory standards and develop systems and processes through which these standards can be followed. Apart from that there is need of all the HR activities of managing records of employees, payroll, scheduling, benefit administration and all other related HR work.For this pur pose a company PeopleSoft has an HRMS for public sector. This HRMS has enabled the compliance with the regulatory standards and has also fulfilled all other requirements in form of Human Resources, Benefits Administration FSA System, Payroll, Payroll Interface applications and Human Resource Budgeting. Apart from that, their latest release includes a more advanced Web Client and an integrated Online Analytical Processing (The Free Library, 1997).These are few examples which show that how effective the use of technology can prove if the technology is used effectively. HRM and technology work together and together they create a positive impact that is not only flourishing the public sector but all other sectors where there is always application of HR technology.These facts show that the future holds prosperous prospects for HR technology in all the fields of a nation as there will always be a need of human resources and their effective management. The next section of the paper will sh ed some more light on the future prospects of HR technology.Future of HR TechnologyThe future of HR technology can without doubt be said is good because the conditions around the globe are changing rapidly. The companies must have flexible operating tools at hand to cope up with these changes.Technology offers the element of flexibility and change to the HRM in form of technologically capable adaptive tools and HRM systems. These systems not only offer effective results but also capability to take on these changes and challenges. But there is always a room of improvement which can be made in HR technology as well.Improvements can be brought in the form of implementation of better technology by the time. Whenever there is launch of a new technological package which can be helpful to the companies, they must explore it and try to implement it in a way that would facilitate the HR activities.There can be launch of further tools such as Talent Management tools, Strategic HR planning too ls, outsourcing components, better payroll systems, online recruitment system, HRM systems, HR modules and overall an entire HR package.The future of HR technology would have to come up with tools that entail the entire business strategy and accordingly formulate an HR strategy so that it is made sure that organizational goals and HR activities are aligned. This can be possible by developing HRM systems whose processes are not only measurable but they also take it to the entirely different and better level of sophistication.The future of HR technology focuses on bringing together business and believes in the formation of more integrated functionality. There are components like portals, business intelligence (BI) and talent. These components would solely not be very effective, but if they are integrated, their combined effect would yield good results. There must be specific attention towards talent management along with portals and business intelligence which would enhance the future scope of HR technology for the globe (Systematic HR, 2006).There are future projects on hand which incorporate the use of technology to enhance the HRM. The effective implementation of these projects would guarantee success of HR technology in future.Conclusion Human is the basic element of the universe and it is around him that the Earth revolves. Human is a part of society which is part of economy which further is part of the country. Business is the most important aspect of the system as the economy of the system is dependant on it. Hence human is the main resource through which businesses operate, societies flourish, economies prosper and countries improve.Therefore there is requirement of managing the human resources which comes under the vast field of Human Resource Management (HRM). The infusion of HRM with technology has improved the standards of businesses and its different sectors. It has enabled managers for better supervision of the employees, has raised performance and has inculcated elements of scrutiny, supervision, administration and better management all over.There are many HR activities which start from advertising online for recruitment, selection, training, compensation, benefits and many more. Technology has facilitated in the form of many different technological tools such as online recruitment, payroll module, training module, benefit administration, HRM system, HR module and many more.There are many other applications as well which have helped organizations to standardize and improve their HRM departments. Businesses from all the different sectors have utilized the technological aids for their assistance and have yielded more effective and efficient results. Technology and HRM are therefore part and parcel and it is necessary for any organization to adopt innovative technological measures and methods to reap good fruit for its HRM as HRM is the main heart core function of the entire organization. The application of these technological aids has not only facilitated HR activities but has also yielded effective and efficient results.HRM and Technology, or HR Technology is utilized in different sectors across the globe. The main two sectors are public and private. In components such as military, police, education, healthcare, society services, public education and public roads and transits there is wide range of technological application and aids that we witness for facilitation of HR activities.These facts show that the future holds prosperous prospects for HR technology in all the fields of a nation as there will always be a need of human resources and their effective management. The improved and new technological aids in future can even further widen the horizon of HR technology in the form of innovative tools such as talent management, business intelligence and many others.ReferencesHR Management. (July, 2010). Technology Aids the Human Touch.   Retrieved on July 22, 2010, from, http://www.hrmreport.com/article /Technology-aids-the-human-touch/Systematic HR. (June, 2006). The future of HR Technology. Retrieved on July 22, 2010, from, http://systematichr.com/?p=439The Free Library. (1997). PeopleSoft Delivers HRMS for Public Sector Release 7.   Retrieved on July 22, 2010, from, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/PeopleSoft+Delivers+HRMS+for+Public+Sector+Release+7-a020064725